Glycyrrhinic acid and probiotics alleviate deoxynivalenol-induced cytotoxicity in intestinal epithelial cells

AMB Express

Table 4 Verification results of orthogonal and interactive effects of GA, S. cerevisiae and E. faecalis and their effects on DON degradation rate

Groups	Cell viability (%)	DON degradation rate (%)
Control	100.0 ± 1.5^d	–
GA (400 µg/mL)	110.4 ± 3.4^cd	–
S. cerevisiae (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL)	115.3 ± 7.9^bc	–
E. faecalis (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL)	117.4 ± 5.2^bc	–
E. faecalis (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL)	100.6 ± 1.6^d	–
GA + S. cerevisiae (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL)	113.3 ± 6.6^bcd	–
GA + E. faecalis (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL)	116.8 ± 2.4^bc	–
GA + S. cerevisiae (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + E. faecalis (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL)	125.9 ± 4.8^a	–
GA + S. Cerevisiae (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + E. faecalis (1 × 10⁴ CFU/mL)	121.3 ± 3.2^ab	–
DON (0.5 μg/mL)	84.4 ± 2.1^de	–
GA (400 µg/mL) + DON	90.4 ± 3.9^cde	9.6 ± 2.1^f
S. Cerevisiae (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + DON	92.7 ± 3.2^bcd	20.8 ± 0.9^d
E. faecalis (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + DON	93.8 ± 2.9^bc	18.4 ± 1.1^de
E. faecalis (1 × 10⁴ CFU/mL) + DON	87.2 ± 4.5^de	16.5 ± 1.3^e
GA + S. Cerevisiae (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + DON	93.2 ± 1.9^bc	28.3 ± 2.3^bc
GA + E. Faecalis (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + DON	96.1 ± 5.1^ab	26.9 ± 1.7^c
GA + S. Cerevisiae (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + E. faecalis (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + DON	100.1 ± 3.2^a	34.7 ± 2.1^a
GA + S. Cerevisiae (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) + E. faecalis (1 × 10⁴ CFU/mL) + DON	92.9 ± 3.9^bcd	30.3 ± 1.7^ab

“–” indicates undetermined. All values are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6). Different marked letters in the column indicate significant difference from each other (P < 0.05), while the same marked letters in the column indicate insignificant difference from each other (P > 0.05)