Fig. 3From: Effects of down-regulation of ackA expression by CRISPR-dCpf1 on succinic acid production in Actinobacillus succinogenesEffects of dCas9 CRISPRi system (a) and dCpf1 CRISPRi system (b) on acetic acid (AA) production. AA production was measured after fermentation for 48Â h. Results are the means of at least three independent assays and error bars indicate the standard deviationBack to article page