Influence of probiotics on water quality in intensified Litopenaeus vannamei ponds under minimum-water exchange

AMB Express

Table 4 Principal component analysis of the treatments with water quality parameters

Treatments	Control (non-treated ponds)			Single spp. probiotic			Multi spp. probiotic
Component	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
Probiotic effect				− 0.912	− 0.004	0.163	0.949	0.058	− 0.091
Total Vibrio log (CFU mL⁻¹)	− 0.054	0.778	0.149	0.727	0.321	0.112	− 0.755	0.316	0.04
Temperature (ºC)	0.044	0.179	0.872	0.148	− 0.036	0.911	− 0.016	0.041	− 0.836
Dissolved oxygen (mg L⁻¹)	0.941	0.082	− 0.033	− 0.681	− 0.298	0.065	0.842	− 0.123	0.143
pH	− 0.145	0.874	− 0.078	0.448	0.704	− 0.058	− 0.242	0.828	0.056
Salinity (g L⁻¹)	0.663	− 0.635	0.142	0.014	− 0.954	0.038	0.023	− 0.922	− 0.021
Organic matter (mg L⁻¹)	0.104	0.13	− 0.852	0.493	0.004	− 0.718	0.021	0.086	0.866
NH₃ (mg L⁻¹)	− 0.813	0.386	0.117	0.541	0.678	0.056	− 0.663	0.575	− 0.107
Initial Eigenvalues	2.024	1.976	1.55	2.582	2.059	1.395	2.68	1.993	1.494
% of variance	28.921	28.234	22.141	32.279	25.736	17.441	33.497	24.918	18.677
Cumulative %	28.921	57.155	79.296	32.279	58.016	75.457	33.497	58.415	77.092