Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera silage on the serum indicators, hindgut parameters and fecal bacterial community of Holstein heifers

AMB Express

Table 3 Effects of BPS on the serum indicators of Holstein heifers (n = 4)

Item¹	Diets treatment²				SEM³	P-value
Item¹	T0	T25	T50	T75	SEM³	Linear	Quadratic	Cubic
Serum anti-oxidant indicators
MDA (mmol/L)	2.61^a	2.24^ab	1.79^b	2.34^ab	0.20	0.018	0.675	0.242
SOD (U/mL)	88.90	88.93	87.48	85.46	2.68	0.332	0.708	0.942
GSH-Px (U/mL)	58.45	50.31	44.50	43.63	7.40	0.134	0.631	0.941
CAT (U/mL)	0.47	0.50	0.37	0.42	0.05	0.286	0.827	0.161
T-AOC (mmol/L)	0.46	0.41	0.43	0.41	0.02	0.128	0.513	0.221
Serum immune indicators
IgA (g/L)	0.11^b	0.13^a	0.14^a	0.14^a	0.01	0.019	0.224	0.774
IL-1β (ng/L)	46.86^a	45.61^a	38.77^b	40.08^b	2.20	0.011	0.572	0.210
IL-2 (ng/L)	292.84	290.91	281.16	252.76	15.47	0.054	0.974	0.718
IL-4 (ng/L)	77.99^b	83.62^b	93.19^ab	106.34^a	5.21	0.001	0.482	0.988
IL-6 (ng/L)	11.39	10.36	10.46	9.88	0.87	0.263	0.796	0.657
IL-10 (ng/L)	43.93^ab	48.03^a	43.90^ab	41.44^b	1.90	0.122	0.483	0.558
IL-17 (ng/L)	56.05	51.56	45.33	52.55	3.29	0.254	0.097	0.341

¹MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; Ig, immunoglobulin A; IL, interleukin
²T0, BPS replaces 0% of WCS; T25, BPS replaces 25% of WCS; T50, BPS replaces 50% of WCS; T75, BPS replaces 75% of WCS. BPS, Broussonetia papyrifera silage; WCS, whole corn silage. Different letters mean significant difference
³SEM, standard error of mean