Fig. 3

Time courses of enzymatic activities and production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for strains H110 (a, c) and TB8 (b, d) with the freeze-dried dead biomass of F. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae strain M2-1 as a substrate (1%, w/v) in the PY broth. open square, β,1-3-glucanase; filled square, chitosanase; open circle, acetate; filled circle, butyrate. Strain H110 produced small amounts of ethanol (< 1 mmol/l) and n-butanol (< 2 mmol/l). Strain TB8 produced none of alcohols. Error bars represent the standard deviations