Fig. 3

The haemolymph of red centipede was aspirated and tested in cytopathogenicity assay against Human Keratinocyte HaCaT monolayers. 10% haemolymph was incubated with 10⁶ bacterial cells for 2 h at 37 °C, followed by the co-incubation with HaCaT monolayers in 5% CO₂ incubator at 37 °C for 18–20 h. Untreated bacteria incubated with HaCaT monolayers were used as control. Next day, supernatent containg lactate dehygrogenease enzyme were collected, centrifuged and determined by Rosche cytotocicity detection Kit as per guidelines. Significant reduction was observed in the cytopathogenicity caused by the pre-treated bacteria incubated with haemolymph as compared to untreated bacteria. B. cereus showed up to 36% and E. coli K1 showed up to 64% cytotoxicity to human cells when pre-treated with haemolymph in contrast to untreated bacteria which showed 100% cytopathogenicity to human cells. The results are representative of several experiments performed in duplicates and expressed as the mean ± standard error