Solid-state fermentation of distilled dried grain with solubles with probiotics for degrading lignocellulose and upgrading nutrient utilization

AMB Express

Table 2 Microbial metabolites of two DDGS before and after fermentation (as-fed basis)

Item, %	CDDGS		RDDGS
Item, %	Unfermented	Fermented	Unfermented	Fermented
Microorganism
Lactobacillus plantarum, × 10⁸ CFU/g	ND	6.70	ND	5.30
Bacillus subtilis, × 10⁸ CFU/g	ND	5.00	ND	5.20
Enterobacterium, × 10⁴ CFU/g	3.63	ND	2.68	ND
Mold, × 10² CFU/g	3.10	ND	3.60	ND
Total probiotics, × 10⁸ CFU/g		11.70		10.50
Organic acids, mmol/Kg
Lactic acid	21.48 ± 3.77^b	232.10 ± 20.3^a	14.30 ± 1.89^b	115.21 ± 12.1^a
Formic acid	9.35 ± 0.79	8.68 ± 0.46	14.43 ± 1.14^b	22.65 ± 2.97^a
Acetic acid	1.59 ± 0.30^b	16.15 ± 2.07^a	17.35 ± 1.63^b	25.27 ± 4.24^a
Propionic acid	0.03 ± 0.00^b	0.83 ± 0.11^a	0.03 ± 0.00^b	0.40 ± 0.04^a
Butyric acid	33.04 ± 0.53	32.90 ± 0.39	9.41 ± 0.46	10.94 ± 1.40
pH	6.39 ± 0.04^a	4.21 ± 0.08^b	6.43 ± 0.10^a	4.34 ± 0.16^b

Values are means of three replicates per treatment. Means in a row without common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05)