Fig. 5

Fed-batch biotransformation of FA. C. glutamicum strains FVan (closed symbols) and F (open symbols) were cultivated in BY medium in a flask for 24 h, collected, and inoculated into a bioreactor. The cells (wet weight 1.2 g) were collected and transferred to 60 mL of Y medium. The fed-batch biotransformation of FA started with agitation at 400 rpm at 30 °C and the addition of 5 mM FA. The medium was maintained at pH 7.0. FA (5 mM) was added to the medium after 4 and 8 h. OD₆₀₀ was monitored simultaneously. Data represent the mean and standard error of three independent experiments