Table 1 Chemical composition of hemp fibres after different treatments

Untreated

0

60.0 (2.2)^f

7.3 (0.4)^a

2.1 (0.2)

1.3 (0.3)

1.2 (0.1)

3.0 (0.3)

4.4 (0.3)^d

Washed 40 °C

60 min

67.2 (2.6)^de

8.3 (0.4)^a

2.1 (0.1)

1.2 (0.1)

1.3 (0.2)

4.6 (0.2)

5.3 (0.2)^bcd

HTT

30 min

67.0 (1.3)^de

4.5 (0.4)^b

1.8 (0.1)

0.8 (0.1)

1.1 (0.1)

4.5 (0.2)

4.6 (0.2)^cd

HTT

60 min

67.9 (2.8)^de

5.5 (0.8)^cd

2.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

1.4 (0.2)

3.5 (0.4)

5.0 (0.3)^cd

Field retting

7 days

63.9 (1.0)^ef

5.4 (0.6)^bc

2.0 (0.2)

0.7 (0.2)

1.1 (0.2)

4.0 (0.4)

5.3 (0.9)^bcd

14 days

70.2 (0.5)^cde

3.1 (0.4)^efg

2.4 (0.2)

0.4 (0.0)

0.8 (0.2)

3.4 (0.0)

6.1 (0.9)^bc

20 days

66.9 (1.2)^de

3.6 (0.4)^def

2.0 (0.0)

0.6 (0.1)

1.0 (0.2)

3.9 (0.2)

8.1 (0.3)^a

Fungal retting

7 days

81.8 (1.6)^ab

4.2 (0.2)^de

2.4 (0.1)

0.7 (0.0)

1.3 (0.1)

4.7 (0.3)

6.1 (1.1)^bc

14 days

83.4 (3.8)^a

2.0 (0.2)^gh

2.3 (0.2)

0.5 (0.1)

1.3 (0.1)

4.4 (0.3)

5.3 (0.1)^bcd

20 days

76.7 (1.5)^bc

1.6 (0.0)^h

2.0 (0.0)

0.5 (0.0)

1.1 (0.0)

4.5 (0.4)

6.7 (0.5)^ab

Pectinase^A

90 min

71.8 (0.8)^cd

4.3 (0.2)^cd

1.7 (0.0)

0.7 (0.0)

0.9 (0.0)

5.6 (0.1)

4.8 (0.6)^cd

HTT + pectinase^A

90 min

69.5 (3.9)^de

2.9 (0.3)^fg

1.5 (0.1)

0.7 (0.1)

0.7 (0.1)

4.2 (0.3)

4.2 (0.5)^d