Degeneration of aflatoxin gene clusters in Aspergillus flavus from Africa and North America

AMB Express

Table 1 Aspergillus flavus genotypes used in the current study

	Country	Substrate	Group^a	Genotype^b	VCG	Culture accession/source^c
East Africa	Kenya	Maize	A	C6-E	KN00A	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			C	C8-F	KN012	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			B	E63-I	KN001	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			B	R7-H	KN011	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
West Africa	Burkina Faso	Groundnut	D	GO18-2	BF018	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
		Groundnut	A	GO67-10	BF067	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
		Maize	A	M011-8	BF011	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			D	M092-15	BF092	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			A	M102-11	BF102	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			A	M109-2	BF109	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			F	M110-7	BF110	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			A	M129-5	BF129	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
	Nigeria	Maize	A	Ka16127	AV16127	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			A	La3279	AV3279	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			A	La3304	AV3304	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			F	Og0222	AV0222	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
	Senegal	Maize	A	M2-7	SN002	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			E	M21-11	SN021	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
			A	Ms14-19	SN014	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
		Sesame	A	Ss19-14	SN019	IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
North America	USA	Cottonseed	A	AF36	YV36	NRRL 18543
		Maize	F	AT21-A	TX021	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			F	AT4-C	TX004	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			D	AT5-B	TX005	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			A	BA16-F	TX016	FGSC A2220
			F	BA35-C	IC001	FGSC A2223
			A	BY18-A	EC11-D	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			F	BY19-D	IC001	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			A	DO107-L	TX107	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			D	DO114-A	TX114	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			C	DO38-B	TX038	FGSC A2226
			F	DO46-G	TX046	FGSC A2229
			F	EC19-B	TX019	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			A	EC69-E	EC69-E	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
			F	NRRL21882		NRRL21882
		Cottonseed		AF13	YV13	ATCC 96044
				EB01	EB01	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
				MR2-17	MR17	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA
				OD02	OD02	USDA-ARS, Tucson, USA

^aRefers to the grouping based on aflatoxin gene cluster alignment in Fig. 1 and Neighbor-Net network in Fig. 2
^bIsolates from Kenya were first reported in Probst et al. (2011); isolates from Nigeria were first reported in Atehnkeng et al. (2008); AF13 and AF36 were first reported in Cotty (1989); EB01 and MR2-17 were first reported in Mehl and Cotty (2013); and OD02 was first reported in Grubisha and Cotty (2009). Rest of the isolates are first reported in this manuscript
^cCulture collection/source designation (IITA, The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; NRRL, ARS Culture Collection; FGSC, Fungal Genetics Stock Center)