Figure 5

Hypothetical mechanisms of metabolic alkalinity neutralization. Proteins involved: i) NhaA, Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter, ii) Citrate/H⁺ symport, iii) F₁F₀-ATP synthase, iv) Complex I: NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase and v) Carbonic anhydrase/carbonate dehydratase.