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Table 3 The yields of water-soluble products, reducing-sugars, 5-HMF and furfural as well as concentration of reducing-sugars

From: Production of 2,3-butanediol from cellulose and Jatropha hulls after ionic liquid pretreatment and dilute-acid hydrolysis

Biomass*

Yield of reducing-sugars (%)**

Concentration of reducing-sugars (g/L)

Yield of water-soluble products (%)

Yield of 5-HMF (%)**

Yield of furfural (%)**

C-9

33.6

15.1

39.5

0.4

0.1

C-15

28.7

21.5

34.8

0.4

0.1

ILC-9

80.2

36.1

90.0

1.3

1.5

ILC-15

71.2

53.4

79.3

0.7

0.7

WJH-15

47.6

22.6

35.5

0.4

1.7

ILJH-15

85.7

39.7

60.2

0.6

2.4

  1. Hydrolysis conditions: 200 mL 4 wt% H2SO4, 150°C, 1 h for cellulose; 200 mL 1.5 wt% H2SO4, 150°C, 0.5 h for Jatropha hulls.
  2. *C-9: 9 g untreated cellulose;
  3. C-15: 15 g untreated cellulose;
  4. ILC-9: 9 g ionic liquid pretreated cellulose;
  5. ILC-15: 15 g ionic liquid pretreated cellulose;
  6. WJH-15: 15 g water-washed Jatropha hulls;
  7. ILJH-15: 15 g IL-pretreated Jatropha hulls.
  8. ** Data (%) were based on total mass of cellulose and hemicellulose in substrates.
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