Fig. 4

Effects of probiotics on diversity of fecal and cecal content microbiota in T2DM mice. Effect of probiotics on alpha diversity (A) and beta diversity (B) of fecal microbiota in T2DM mice. Effect of probiotics on alpha diversity (C) and beta diversity (D) of cecal content microbiota. Alpha diversity (A and C) was represented by boxplots, and significant differences were represented by lowercase letters, with different letters indicating significant differences between the two groups. PCoA analysis was used to demonstrate beta diversity (B and D) between groups, and adonis analysis was used to evaluate the significance of differences between groups (tables in B and E). Box plot represents interquartile range, the line within the box represents median value