Fig. 1
From: Effect of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on coronavirus survival
Monopolar (MP) and bipolar (BP) nsPEF exposure characterization. a Representative oscilloscope traces of the applied voltage used to deliver an E-field amplitude of 12.5 kV/cm MP (orange) or 25 kV/cm MP (blue) pulses. b Representative oscilloscope traces of the applied voltage used to deliver an E-field amplitude of 12.5 kV/cm BP (green) or 25 kV/cm BP (red) pulses. c Superimposition of MP and BP pulses. d COMSOL Multiphysics® software was used to model the predicted E-field distribution throughout the electroporation cuvette; the E-Field is uniform throughout the cuvette media