Fig. 1

Tolerance to and degradation of different aromatic acids by Y. lipolytica. (A) Growth over time of strain OKYL029 in Delft media with different starting concentrations of the aromatic acids cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acid. Strains were cultivated in 96-well plates, and pictures to calculate the OD₆₀₀ were taken every 30 min with the Growth Profiler 960. Lines represent the mean of four replicates (plot with standard deviations as ribbons in Figure S2). (B) Degradation of the four acids after 24 and 48 h. Strains were cultivated in 10 mL media in 100 mL shake flasks containing 125 mg/L of each acid (= 0.843 mM cinnamic acid, 0.761 mM p-coumaric acid, 0.693 mM caffeic acid, 0.644 mM ferulic acid). Bars and error bars show the mean and standard deviation of the remaining organic acid (in %) of three replicates, respectively. The 0 h timepoint represents the organic acid concentration in the media before inoculation and was only measured once