Table 5 Production of C-K from protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides in ginseng extract via fermentation using fungi
Fungus | Ginseng extract | C-K (g/L) | Molar conversion (%) | Productivity (mg/L/h) | Fermentation system | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fusarium sacchari | Saponins of Panax notoginseng extract | 0.25 | 24 | 1.74 | Flask | Han et al. (2007) |
Paecilomyces bainier sp. 229 | Saponins of Panax notoginseng leaves | 1.25 | 82.6 | 8.6 | Fermenter | Zhou et al. (2008) |
Ganoderma lucidum CRC 37066 | American ginseng root extraction residue | 0.005 | 3.0 | 0.01 | Flask | Hsu et al. (2013) |
Aspergillus niger KACC 46494 Aspergillus oryzae KACC 40247 | Korean ginseng berry extract | NC NC | 10.3 3.4 | NC NC | Flask | Li et al. (2016) |
Aspergillus niger FMBS 494 | Korean ginseng | 0.04 | 66.8 | 0.625 | Flask | Li and Ji (2017) |
Cordyceps sinensis | Red ginseng extract | 0.11 | NC | NC | Fermenter | Bae et al. (2011) |
Aspergillus tubingensis KCTC 14166 | American ginseng extract | 1.87 2.47 | 86.4 64.3 | 12.9 17.1 | Flask | Song et al. (2022) |
Aspergillus tubingensis KCTC 14166 | American ginseng extract | 1.91 3.94 | 100 82.1 | 13.2 27.4 | Fermenter | This study |