Table 2 Treatment plans, symbols, and their description used against Fusarium wilt disease

Positive control

T1

Control plant

Negative control

T2

Infected plant without treatment

Therapeutic plan

T3

Plant treated with CuONPs after infection

T4

Plant treated with Co₃O₄NPs after infection

T5

Plant treated with Fe₃O₄NPs after infection

T6

Plant treated with NiONPs after infection

T7

Plant treated with ZnONPs after infection

Protective plan

T8

Plant treated with CuONPs before infection

T9

Plant treated with Co₃O₄NPs before infection

T10

Plant treated with Fe₃O₄NPs before infection

T11

Plant treated with NiONPs before infection

T12

Plant treated with ZnONPs before infection