Compound | Dilution and aeration rates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mg per 100 mL of | 0.10 h−1 and 0 vvm | 0.12 h−1 and 0.02 vvm | NOMa | ||
alcohol) | SM | NSM | SM | NSM | |
Acetaldehyde | 17.42 ± 0.96 | 12.82 ± 0.98 | 11.13 ± 0.91 | 25.57 ± 1.35 | 0–40 |
Methanol | 180.15 ± 11.33 | 227.43 ± 19.81 | 252.67 ± 23.84 | 200.32 ± 11.94 | 30–300 |
Fusel alcohols | 280.58 ± 16.69 | 258.08 ± 20.67 | 269.91 ± 24.16 | 349.49 ± 19.58 | 20–500 |
2-butanol | 137.68 ± 8.09 | 125.69 ± 10.22 | 151.11 ± 13.32 | 173.92 ± 9.68 | |
1-propanol | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
Isobutanol | 34.43 ± 1.50 | 27.26 ± 1.46 | 23.89 ± 1.38 | 40.45 ± 1.48 | |
1-butanol | 1.87 ± 0.52 | nd | 2.06 ± 0.86 | 2.54 ± 0.67 | |
Isoamyl and amyl alcohols | 106.61 ± 6.58 | 105.13 ± 8.99 | 92.86 ± 8.60 | 132.58 ± 7.75 | |
Esters | 8.66 ± 0.25 | 11.35 ± 0.64 | 5.45 ± 0.23 | 9.71 ± 0.55 | 2–200 |
Ethyl lactate | nd | nd | 2.14 ± 0.15 | 1.23 ± 0.09 | |
Ethyl acetate | 8.66 ± 0.25 | 11.35 ± 0.63 | 3.31 ± 0.09 | 8.48 ± 0.46 | |
Furfurals | 2.98 ± 0.21 | nd | nd | nd | 0–4 |