Compound (g L−1) | Aeration and dilution rates (D) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 vvm and 0.08 h−1 | 0.02 vvm and 0.08 h−1 | |||
SM | NSM | SM | NSM | |
A (Non-supplemented with yeast extract) | ||||
Biomass | 5.90 ± 0.21 | 4.93 ± 0.42 | 7.33 ± 0.29 | 6.83 ± 0.72 |
Ethanol | 38.25 ± 0.84 | 37.48 ± 1.61 | 41.87 ± 0.62 | 39.97 ± 0.04 |
R sugars | 14.46 ± 0.52 | 26.52 ± 0.33 | 4.73 ± 0.57 | 12.18 ± 1.63 |
Fructose | 4.27 ± 1.23 | 26.27 ± 3.35 | 9.56 ± 2.33 | 10.76 ± 1.16 |
Glucose | 2.17 ± 0.37 | 0.90 ± 0.14 | 2.62 ± 0.10 | 0.39 ± 0.01 |
Succinic acid | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.08 | 0.21 ± 0.09 | 0.12 ± 0.00 |
Glycerol | 4.48 ± 0.38 | 3.08 ± 0.23 | 7.00 ± 0.11 | 4.44 ± 0.14 |
Diacetyl | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Acetic acid | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Acetoin | 0.33 ± 0.12 | nd | nd | 0.18 ± 0.03 |
NH4 + | 1.80 ± 0.22 | 1.55 ± 0.17 | 1.17 ± 0.09 | 0.89 ± 0.05 |
YX/S | 0.069 ± 0.002 | 0.067 ± 0.005 | 0.077 ± 0.003 | 0.078 ± 0.007 |
YP/S | 0.447 ± 0.007 | 0.510 ± 0.020 | 0.439 ± 0.004 | 0.455 ± 0.008 |
PP | 3.060 ± 0.067 | 2.998 ± 0.129 | 3.350 ± 0.050 | 3.198 ± 0.003 |
pH | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.3 |
Compound (g L−1) | Aeration and dilution rates (D) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 vvm and 0.10 h−1 | 0.02 vvm and 0.12 h−1 | |||
SM | NSM | SM | NSM | |
B (Supplemented with yeast extract)a | ||||
Biomass | 6.57 ± 0.68 | 6.42 ± 0.23 | 8.16 ± 0.70 | 8.28 ± 0.90 |
Ethanol | 42.95 ± 2.86 | 46.22 ± 3.20 | 45.11 ± 0.49 | 46.92 ± 1.87 |
R sugars | 5.86 ± 0.48 | 6.60 ± 0.25 | 7.53 ± 0.89 | 7.23 ± 0.09 |
Fructose | 3.56 ± 0.19 | 5.03 ± 0.32 | 2.91 ± 0.55 | 6.63 ± 0.04 |
Glucose | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.41 ± 0.19 | nd | 0.57 ± 0.00 |
Succinic acid | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.12 ± 0.04 |
Glycerol | 2.76 ± 0.17 | 3.93 ± 0.17 | 3.00 ± 0.08 | 3.14 ± 0.06 |
Diacetyl | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Acetic acid | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Acetoin | nd | nd | nd | nd |
NH4 + | 1.16 ± 0.12 | 1.59 ± 0.51 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 0.77 ± 0.13 |
YX/S | 0.070 ± 0.007 | 0.069 ± 0.002 | 0.088 ± 0.007 | 0.089 ± 0.010 |
YP/S | 0.456 ± 0.028 | 0.495 ± 0.033 | 0.488 ± 0.001 | 0.506 ± 0.020 |
PP | 4.295 ± 0.286 | 4.622 ± 0.320 | 5.413 ± 0.059 | 5.630 ± 0.224 |
pH | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.3 |