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AMB Express

Table 6 The biofilm reduction percentage of species treated with samples of A, E, Z, F, and chlorhexidine 0.2%

From: Evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Echinacea and Arctium extracts and Zataria essential oil

CHX 0.2%

OD (570 nm)

Bacteria

F%

Z%

E%

A%

73***

24***

12

8

2

C. albicans

75***

24***

9

3

3

S. mutans

74***

35***

17**

12

4

S. mitis

78***

23**

13

9

3

S. salivarius

72***

23***

15**

13*

5

L. acidophilus

78***

30***

12

9

2

E. coli

75***

25***

10

11

2

S. aureus

  1. All samples were tested three times in independent experiments
  2. A: Arctium lappa, E: Echinacea purpurea, Z: Zateria multiflora, F: Formulation, CHX: Chlorhexidine
  3. Significance level of p < 0.05 (*); or p < 0.01 (**); or p < 0.001 (***) in comparison with control group
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