Effects of Broussonetia papyrifera silage on rumen fermentation parameters and microbes of Holstein heifers

AMB Express

Table 3 Effects of BPS on rumen fermentation of Holstein heifers

Items	Dietary treatment				SEM	Contrast
Items	T0	T25	T50	T75	SEM	Line	Quad
pH	6.93	7.00	7.00	7.05	0.12	0.482	0.935
NH₃-N (mg/dL)	5.87	5.56	3.74	3.22	0.50	0.024	0.911
VFA (mmol/L)
AA	33.07	33.89	31.66	32.55	1.79	0.826	0.993
PA	8.59	9.12	8.93	8.91	0.50	0.868	0.809
IBA	0.35	0.41	0.37	0.37	0.02	0.648	0.964
BA	4.23	4.55	3.89	3.86	0.24	0.447	0.741
IVA	0.59	0.69	0.47	0.44	0.04	0.084	0.819
VA	0.27	0.29	0.27	0.24	0.02	0.458	0.536
AA/PA	3.86	3.72	3.57	3.67	0.05	0.072	0.158

T0, 0% BPS; T25, 25% BPS; T50, 50% BPS; T75, 75% BPS; SEM, standard error of the mean. Line: linear; quad: quadratic; pH: pH value; NH₃-N: ammonia nitrogen; VFA: volatile fatty acids; AA: acetic acid; PA: propionic acid; IBA: isobutyric acid; BA: butyric acid; IVA: isovaleric acid; VA: valeric acid; AA/PA: acetic acid/propionic acid
Means within the same row without the same letter superscripts are significantly