Antifouling coating based on biopolymers (PCL/ PLA) and bioactive extract from the sea cucumber Stichopus herrmanni

AMB Express

Table 1 Antibacterial activity of sea cucumber S. herrmanni extracts by disk diffusion method (inhibition zone, mm)

Microorganism	n-hexane extracts			Ethyl acetate extracts			Methanol extracts			Ampicillin^a
Microorganism	Body wall	Digestive tract	Respiratory tree	Body wall	Digestive tract	Respiratory tree	Body wall	Digestive tract	Respiratory tree
S. aureus	14.70 ± 0.26^b	10.77 ± 0.33^e	7.97 ± 0.21^h	15.27 ± 0.26^a	11.87 ± 0.29^d	10.07 ± 0.17^f	11.97 ± 0.21^d	8.60 ± 0.33^g	7.46 ± 0.21ⁱ	14.17 ± 0.13^c
M. luteus	8.93 ± 0.21^c	7.33 ± 0.13 ^f	_	11 ± 0.25^b	8.47 ± 0.05^d	7.33 ± 0.13^f	9.03 ± 0.13^c	7.97 ± 0.21^e	7.43 ± 0.17^f	12.07 ± 0.13 ^a
V. harveyi	9.37 ± 0.30 ^c	_	_	11.30 ± 0.25^a	8.63 ± 0.26^d	7.10 ± 0.08^f	10.03 ± 0.21^b	7.43 ± 0.25^e	_	11.37 ± 0.09^a
E. coli	8.30 ± 0.27^c	_	_	10.50 ± 0.22^b	_	_	8.23 ± 0.25^c	_	_	12.23 ± 0.20^a
K. pneumoniae	7.13 ± 0.11^c	_	_	8.63 ± 0.27^b	_	_	_	_	_	10.00 ± 0.33^a

Data are shown as the mean ± SD with different letters in the same row are significantly different at p < 0.05
Inactive (–), weak active (< 7), moderately active (7–14); highly active (> 14)
Inhibition zone includes diameter of the disc (6.4 mm)
^aTested at 10 µg/disc