|
Treatment
|
Conc
|
Phytochemicals quantification via HPLC (in µg/g DW)
|
|---|
|
Chlorogenic Acid
|
Caffeic Acid
|
Rosmarinic Acid
|
Apigenin
|
Luteolin
|
Quercetin
|
Harpagide
|
Aucubin
|
Harpagoside
|
Catalpol
|
8-O-acetyl-harpagoside
|
|---|
|
Control
|
–
|
165.11 ± 2.48
|
200.17 ± 1.16
|
386.41 ± 4.67
|
483.47 ± 3.55
|
483.47 ± 2.31
|
501.02 ± 4.66
|
303.58 ± 5.33
|
166.03 ± 2.96
|
147.69 ± 4.46
|
101.85 ± 2.55
|
211.88 ± 3.21
|
|
Yeast extract (mg/L)
|
1
|
187.70 ± 5.34*
|
232.82 ± 4.25***
|
428.33 ± 3.46***
|
508.52 ± 2.34*
|
474.10 ± 6.26
|
508.52 ± 2.71
|
292.13 ± 3.17
|
155.65 ± 4.34
|
137.45 ± 2.70*
|
101.06 ± 2.41
|
192.04 ± 2.34*
|
|
10
|
214.59 ± 2.16***
|
256.47 ± 2.84***
|
494.51 ± 3.54***
|
504.01 ± 4.61*
|
486.35 ± 2.58
|
539.32 ± 4.93*
|
253.01 ± 1.92**
|
141.00 ± 2.62*
|
122.34 ± 3.92**
|
94.34 ± 3.07
|
178.34 ± 4.58**
|
|
50
|
182.31 ± 4.79**
|
225.53 ± 1.76***
|
413.55 ± 4.24***
|
459.56 ± 6.52*
|
494.18 ± 4.96
|
494.18 ± 3.09
|
293.83 ± 4.84*
|
165.71 ± 3.75
|
147.41 ± 4.23
|
110.80 ± 6.48
|
202.32 ± 4.67
|
|
100
|
180.50 ± 6.73**
|
210.82 ± 1.95**
|
410.03 ± 5.16***
|
477.80 ± 3.86
|
477.80 ± 3.71
|
495.15 ± 1.82
|
335.01 ± 2.76**
|
186.56 ± 2.98**
|
168.00 ± 1.45**
|
121.61 ± 2.64**
|
242.23 ± 2.49**
|
|
200
|
213.40 ± 3.46***
|
252.45 ± 4.84***
|
488.93 ± 2.58***
|
513.50 ± 5.94*
|
496.12 ± 1.02
|
513.50 ± 2.46*
|
249.05 ± 6.52***
|
138.80 ± 2.41**
|
120.42 ± 5.63**
|
92.86 ± 1.77
|
175.55 ± 2.85**
|
|
Pectin (mg/L)
|
1
|
281.72 ± 4.75 ***
|
359.52 ± 3.73 ***
|
668.56 ± 1.52 ***
|
563.43 ± 2.85 ***
|
546.12 ± 1.07 **
|
580.74 ± 5.57 ***
|
174.86 ± 3.06 ***
|
101.65 ± 4.56 ***
|
92.50 ± 2.50 ***
|
65.04 ± 3.28 **
|
129.10 ± 1.72 ***
|
|
10
|
254.48 ± 3.52***
|
312.04 ± 2.91***
|
593.47 ± 2.34***
|
521.69 ± 2.52**
|
504.61 ± 2.81**
|
538.77 ± 2.84**
|
199.59 ± 1.46***
|
118.34 ± 1.04***
|
100.28 ± 6.17**
|
73.19 ± 4.64*
|
136.39 ± 2.93***
|
|
50
|
294.12 ± 0.24***
|
343.72 ± 6.84***
|
680.20 ± 4.19***
|
579.61 ± 4.46***
|
545.06 ± 1.46**
|
596.89 ± 4.92***
|
174.52 ± 2.40***
|
101.45 ± 2.84***
|
83.18 ± 3.84***
|
64.91 ± 5.97**
|
128.85 ± 5.46**
|
|
100
|
192.93 ± 1.13***
|
228.82 ± 4.25**
|
425.21 ± 3.73***
|
499.81 ± 6.01
|
449.06 ± 4.07**
|
499.81 ± 6.03
|
269.23 ± 2.08***
|
152.98 ± 3.53*
|
135.10 ± 2.14*
|
99.32 ± 2.23
|
188.75 ± 2.57*
|
|
250
|
202.76 ± 3.36***
|
255.45 ± 3.59***
|
455.23 ± 5.84***
|
537.19 ± 7.16**
|
484.43 ± 2.72
|
519.60 ± 3.14*
|
270.60 ± 4.79***
|
149.74 ± 3.26*
|
131.15 ± 1.57*
|
93.96 ± 4.52*
|
186.93 ± 4.14*
|
|
500
|
240.56 ± 2.12***
|
297.75 ± 2.64***
|
557.32 ± 2.78***
|
520.63 ± 3.89**
|
520.63 ± 3.18**
|
538.25 ± 1.05**
|
224.56 ± 1.43***
|
122.09 ± 4.74***
|
112.78 ± 2.92**
|
84.83 ± 2.44**
|
150.04 ± 3.64**
|
- Values represent means ± standard errors from triplicates; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to control
