Antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of non-cytotoxic extracts of corticolous lichens sampled in Armenia

Sargsyan, Razmik; Gasparyan, Arsen; Tadevosyan, Gohar; Panosyan, Hovik

doi:10.1186/s13568-021-01271-z

AMB Express

Table 1 Disc diffusion inhibition zones (IZ) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) of tested lichen crude extracts

From: Antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of non-cytotoxic extracts of corticolous lichens sampled in Armenia

Lichens species	Crude extracts^a	Test microbes, IZ [Ø (mm)], MIC (mg mL^− 1) and MBC/MFC (mg mL^− 1)
		B. subtilis			S. aureus			E. coli			P. aeruginosa			S. typhymurium			C. albicans
		IZ	MIC	MBC	IZ	MIC	MBC	IZ	MIC	MBC	IZ	MIC	MBC	IZ	MIC	MBC	IZ	MIC	MFC
R. sinensis	M	25 ± 0.5	0.9	0.9	15 ± 0.5	1.8	1.8	1.5 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	2.0 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	1.5 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	0	nd	nd
	E	23 ± 0.5	nd	nd	12 ± 0.5	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	1.2 ± 0.3	nd	nd	1.2 ± 0.3	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	A	21 ± 0.5	nd	nd	13 ± 0.5	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	W	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
R. farinacea	M	23 ± 0.5	1.8	1.8	15 ± 0.5	3.75	3.75	1.2 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	1.5 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	1.0 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	0	nd	nd
	E	21 ± 0.5	nd	nd	11 ± 0.5	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	1.2 ± 0.3	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	A	19 ± 0.5	nd	nd	10 ± 0.5	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	W	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
E. prunastri	M	19 ± 0.5	3.75	3.75	17 ± 0.5	3.75	3.75	< 1	nd	nd	1.3 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	< 1	> 7.5	> 7.5	0	nd	nd
	E	15 ± 0.5	nd	nd	14 ± 0.5	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	1.1 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	A	10 ± 0.5	nd	nd	9 ± 0.5	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	W	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
F. caperata	M	17 ± 0.5	7.5	> 7.5	19 ± 0.5	3.75	3.75	< 1	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	-	-	1.8 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	0	nd	nd
	E	15 ± 0.5	nd	nd	16 ± 0.5	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	1.2 ± 0.3	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	A	12 ± 0.5	nd	nd	14 ± 0.5	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	W	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
P. subrudecta	M	15 ± 0.5	7.5	> 7.5	10 ± 0.5	> 7.5	> 7.5	1.0 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	1.6 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	E	10 ± 0.5	nd	nd	8 ± 0.5	nd	nd	1.3 ± 0.3	nd	nd	1.2 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	A	9 ± 0.5	nd	nd	7 ± 0.5	nd	nd	1.5 ± 0.3	nd	nd	1.3 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	W	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
P. furfuracea	M	15 ± 0.5	7.5	> 7.5	8 ± 0.5	> 7.5	> 7.5	< 1	nd	nd	1.5 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	1.2 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	12 ± 0.5	3.75	> 7.5
	E	7 ± 0.5	nd	nd	6 ± 0.5	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	1.2 ± 0.3	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	A	9 ± 0.5	nd	nd	3 ± 0.5	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	1.2 ± 0.3	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	W	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
P. sulcata	M	13 ± 0.5	7.5	> 7.5	9 ± 0.5	7.5	> 7.5	< 1	nd	nd	1.4 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	1.2 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	0	nd	nd
	E	9 ± 0.5	nd	nd	8 ± 0.5	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	A	8 ± 0.5	nd	nd	5 ± 0.5	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	W	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
P. praetextata	M	13 ± 0.5	7.5	> 7.5	10 ± 0.5	7.5	> 7.5	< 1	nd	nd	1.2 ± 0.3	> 7.5	> 7.5	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	E	9 ± 0.5	nd	nd	9 ± 0.5	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	A	9 ± 0.5	nd	nd	7 ± 0.5	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.3	nd	nd	< 1	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
	W	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0	nd	nd
PC^b		32 ± 0.5	0.25	0.5	28 ± 0.5	0.3	0.5	20 ± 0.5	0.5	1.5	25 ± 0.5	0.3	0.5	23 ± 0.5	1	2.5	20 ± 0.5	1.75	4

nd not determined
^aExtracts: M—methanol, E—ethanol, A—acetone, W—water
^bPC: positive control, for IZ: gentamicin (10 µg mL^− 1) for bacteria, nystatin 20 µg mL^− 1 for yeasts; for MIC and MBC/MFC: gentamicin (range 2–0.003 µg mL^− 1) for bacteria, nystatin (range 4–0.125 µg mL^− 1) for yeasts

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