Fig. 2

Assay of the virulence factors production by S. mutans UA159. The inhibitory effect of TFs on the acid production (a), adherence (b), water-insoluble EPS production (c), and glucosyltransferases activity (d). Data obtained from three biological replicates were shown as mean ± standard deviation. “*” represents that there is a significant difference between two studied groups (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). The difference was compared between the group with TFs added or the SC and the NC group. In (a), the difference between two groups was compared within the same time points. NC and SC indicate negative control and solvent control, respectively