Fig. 7
Treatment with ZnO-NPs loaded with various drugs eliminated Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Briefly, ZnO-NPs and drug conjugates were mixed with test bacteria for 120 min at 37 °C. After this incubation, cultures were serially diluted and plated on nutrient agar plates. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and subsequently viable bacteria were counted upon this incubation. For controls, bacteria incubated alone in PBS and with gentamicin (100 µg/mL) was used as negative and positive controls, respectively. ZnO-NPs conjugated drugs showed remarkable antibacterial properties against Gram-negative bacteria. The data are representative of several experiments performed in duplicate and expressed as the mean  ±  standard error, where (*) represent when P  ≤  0.05