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Table 6 Parameters evaluated in soybean cultivar BRS 1010IPRO with different treatments of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum in field trials performed in areas traditionally cropped with soybean, showing naturalized population of soybean bradyrhizobia, in Florestópolis-PR, Londrina-PR and Ponta-Grossa-PR, Brazil

From: Combining microorganisms in inoculants is agronomically important but industrially challenging: case study of a composite inoculant containing Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum for the soybean crop

Treatmenta

Stage V5

Physiological maturity

Nodulation

Shoot dry weight

N in shoot

N in grains

Grain yield

Mass of 100 grains

no plant−1

mg plant−1

 g plant-1

Content g kg−1

Total mg plant−1

Content g kg−1

Total kg ha−1

kg ha−1

g

Florestópolis (PR)

 T1—Control-N

26.2n.s.b

64.3n.s

1.02 bb

29.6 a

30.2 ab

45.4 c

124 b

2722 b

15.47n.s

 T2—Control + 200 kg N

25.3

65.1

1.61 a

29.7 a

47.8 a

46.6 b

147 ab

3158 ab

15.90

 T3—Peat Brady

26.2

55.8

0.93 b

28.5 ab

26.5 b

48.3 ab

137 ab

2833 ab

15.33

T4—Liquid Brady

25.4

66.0

1.28 ab

26.9 c

34.4 ab

48.0 ab

131 ab

2725 b

15.50

 T5—Single Brady + Single Azo (trademark)

26.8

62.9

0.98 b

26.7 c

26.2 b

49.8 a

165 a

3321 ab

15.60

 T6—Composite inoculant Brady + Azo

29.4

71.9

1.22 ab

26.2 c

31.9 ab

49.0 a

165 a

3368 a

15.85

p value

0.10

0.10

0.095

0.02

0.090

0.001

0.095

0.090

0.10

Londrina (PR)

 T1—Control—N

56.9 a

207 a

9.32 n.s

27.4 n.s

255 n.s

44.9 n.s

184 n.s

4101 n.s

17.3 n.s

 T2—Control + 200 kg N

27.8 b

85 b

9.91

29.8

295

45.7

186

4067

17.7

 T3—Peat Brady

54.8 a

215 a

8.66

31.9

276

45.3

187

4137

17.3

 T4—Liquid Brady

55.0 a

210 a

8.50

31.8

270

45.1

184

4080

17.1

 T5—Single Brady + Single Azo (trademark)

55.6 a

215 a

9.20

32.4

298

44.5

186

4193

17.0

 T6—Composite inoculant Brady + Azo

46.3 a

188 a

8.56

31.0

265

44.8

184

4112

17.2

 T7—T6 applied in-furrow

48.2 a

177 a

8.63

30.9

267

44.0

187

4260

17.1

p value

0.007

0.001

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

Ponta Grossa (PR)

 T1—Control-N

20.4 b

65.0 b

4.55 b

38.4 b

174 c

44.1 b

176 b

4001 b

16.6n.s

 T2—Control + 200 kg de N

20.8 b

32.9 c

6.75 a

42.3 ab

286 a

43.7 b

177 b

4048 b

16.7

 T3—Peat Brady

21.0 b

67.9 b

4.58 b

38.8 b

177 c

45.8 ab

184 b

4025 b

16.0

 T4—Liquid Brady

20.2 b

66.0 b

4.33 b

38.9 b

168 c

46.0 ab

185 b

4020 b

16.1

T5—Single Brady + Single Azo (trademark)

28.9 ab

85.0 a

5.40 ab

42.0 ab

218 b

48.9 a

212 a

4335 ab

16.5

 T6—Composite inoculant Brady + Azo

26.3 ab

85.8 a

5.44 ab

45.7 a

249 ab

48.7 a

222 a

4566 a

16.9

 T7—T6 applied in-furrow

31.4 a

94.8 a

5.42 ab

46.6 a

252 ab

48.0 a

221 a

4528 a

16.7

p value

0.092

0.003

0.04

0.090

0.02

0.02

0.095

0.087

0.10

  1. aT3 e T4, peat and liquid inoculant with Bradyrhizobium spp. strains SEMIA 5079 + SEMIA 5080, applied to supply 1.2 × 106 cells seed−1; T5, T4 + liquid inoculant with A. brasilense strains Ab-V5 + Ab-V6 applied to supply 1.2 × 105 cells seed−1; T6, composite inoculant developed in this study, with B. diazoefficiens strain SEMIA 5080 (1.2 × 106 cells seed−1) and A. brasilense strain Ab-V6 (1.2 × 105 cells seed−1); T7, treatment T6 applied in-furrow, 3 doses
  2. bData represent the means of six replicates and when followed by different letters, within each column, are statistically different (Duncan, p < 5% or 10%; n.s., statistically non-significant