Fig. 1
From: Classification of acetic acid bacteria and their acid resistant mechanism
The metabolic pathways and mechanism of acetic acid resistance recorded in AAB. a The ethanol oxidation respiratory chain pathway; b The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway; c The heat stress proteins (HSPs); d A putative schematic representation of quorum sensing (QS) regulating modules in the cell membrane of Gluconacetobacter intermedius; e The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; f The proton motive force-driven efflux pumps. ADH, Alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH, Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; UQ, Ubiquinone; TO, Terminal oxidase; PDB, Pyruvate decarboxylase; PDH, Pyruvate dehydrogenase; CS, Citrate synthase; CA, Cis aconitase; ICDH, Isocitrate dehydrogenase; KDH, Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; SUCS, Succinyl CoA synthase; SDH, Succinate dehydrogenase; FS, Fumarate synthase; MDH, Malate dehydrogenase; EMP, Glycolytic pathway; HMS, Hexose monophosphate shunt