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Table 4 Effects of BPS on the hindgut fermentation parameters of Holstein heifers (n = 4)

From: Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera silage on the serum indicators, hindgut parameters and fecal bacterial community of Holstein heifers

Item1

Diets treatment2

SEM3

P-value

T0

T25

T50

T75

Linear

Quadratic

Cubic

pH

6.79a

7.18b

7.02ab

7.05bc

0.10

0.174

0.091

0.146

AA (mmol/L)

12.26

11.48

11.34

11.00

1.24

0.470

0.858

0.887

PA (mmol/L)

2.51

2.17

2.28

2.17

0.26

0.432

0.655

0.584

IVA (mmol/L)

0.34

0.35

0.39

0.37

0.03

0.304

0.566

0.481

BA (mmol/L)

1.14

0.87

0.79

0.98

0.16

0.428

0.173

0.906

IVA (mmol/L)

0.28

0.29

0.32

0.31

0.02

0.212

0.711

0.731

VA (mmol/L)

0.20

0.18

0.18

0.21

0.03

0.830

0.286

0.948

NH3-N (mg/dL)

5.52abc

4.47a

5.40b

5.98bc

0.45

0.250

0.093

0.291

  1. 1AA, acetic acid; PA, propionic acid; IBA, isobutyric acid; BA, butyric acid; IVA, isovaleric acid; VA, valeric acid; NH3-N, ammoniacal nitrogen
  2. 2T0, BPS replaces 0% of WCS; T25, BPS replaces 25% of WCS; T50, BPS replaces 50% of WCS; T75, BPS replaces 75% of WCS. BPS, Broussonetia papyrifera silage; WCS, whole corn silage. Different letters mean significant difference
  3. 3SEM, standard error of mean