Soil inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum M45a regulates rhizosphere microbes and triggers watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilt

AMB Express

Table 1 Effect of inoculating M45a on soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of watermelon

Treatment	TC (%)	TN (mg/kg⁻¹)	NH4⁺ (mg/kg⁻¹)	NO3⁻ (mg/kg⁻¹)	AP (mg/kg⁻¹)	AK (mg/kg⁻¹)
CK 1	2.72 ± 0.09a	2000.60 ± 6.86a	25.24 ± 0.60a	364.14 ± 15.50a	67.43 ± 1.99a	490.54 ± 9.46a
Trichoderma 1	2.65 ± 0.05a	2015.34 ± 3.40b	24.88 ± 1.12a	367.69 ± 4.67a	76.85 ± 0.77b	358.29 ± 6.64b
CK 2	2.21 ± 0.09a	1816.65 ± 4.10a	38.66 ± 0.51a	338.55 ± 11.20a	65.44 ± 1.87a	511.52 ± 4.64a
Trichoderma 2	2.33 ± 0.12a	2058.45 ± 5.76b	48.43 ± 2.01b	365.94 ± 6.55b	68.46 ± 1.35a	483.30 ± 8.31b
CK 3	2.51 ± 0.09a	1807.73 ± 7.46a	14.60 ± 1.13a	268.75 ± 8.21a	69.88 ± 1.53a	420.91 ± 5.63a
Trichoderma 3	2.27 ± 0.08ab	1920.03 ± 9.10b	30.38 ± 1.17b	283.62 ± 5.54ab	63.26 ± 2.18b	417.80 ± 5.93a
CK 4	2.74 ± 0.09a	1797.65 ± 13.09a	10.08 ± 0.80a	258.40 ± 10.04a	56.85 ± 0.88a	323.62 ± 17.40a
Trichoderma 4	2.58 ± 0.10a	1837.18 ± 6.58ab	9.38 ± 0.78a	287.23 ± 8.80ab	71.84 ± 2.21b	266.37 ± 6.75b

The application of T. asperellum M45a in continuous cropping soil (Trichoderma). The non-inoculated control (CK). Trichoderma1, Trichoderma2, Trichoderma3, Trichoderma4: the treatment with T. asperellum M45a at S1, S2, S3 and S4 period, respectively; CK1, CK2, CK3, CK4: the CK treatments at S1, S2, S3 and S4 period, respectively. S1: the germination period; S2: the seedling period; S3: the smoke trailing period; S4: the blooming period
^aSuppression of M45a on FW disease and FON quantity in rhizosphere soil
^bPromoting of M45a on watermelon growth and the change of colonization quantity in rhizosphere soil