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Fig. 1 | AMB Express

Fig. 1

From: Identification of the natural product berberine as an antiviral drug

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of HIV-1 gp41. A The functional domains of gp41 are indicated, respectively. Residues are numbered corresponding to their positions in HIV-1 HXB2 gp160. B The interactions between N36 and C34 of HIV-1 gp41. The purple dashed lines between N36 and C34 indicate the interactions between the residues located at the e and g positions in the NHR and a and d positions in the CHR of gp41, respectively. The N36 and C34 sequences are highlighted in green and blue, respectively. The pocket-forming sequence (aa565–581) in N36 and the pocket-binding domain (aa628–635) in C34 are colored in red and pink, respectively. C Three steps of HIV-1 entry: pre-hairpin, trimer-of-hairpins, and a stable six-helix bundle core structure. The NHR and CHR helices of gp41 are colored in green and orange, respectively. The 6HB structure is composed of three central NHR helices (green surface) surrounded by three antiparallel CHR helices (orange surface). D The chemical structure of berberine. The positively charged nitrogen is indicated. Molecular weight of berberine = 371.8, molecular formula: C20H18ClNO4. E The conformational change of berberine. The isomerism qualifies as tautomerism: (I) quaternary-berberine, (II) alcoholic-berberine, (III) aldehydic-berberine

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