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Fig. 1 | AMB Express

Fig. 1

From: Exploration of isoxanthohumol bioconversion from spent hops into 8-prenylnaringenin using resting cells of Eubacterium limosum

Fig. 1

Schematic representation of presumed factors influencing the conversion of abundant hop metabolite xanthohumol (X) to 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). The process starts with conversion of X from spent hops into isoxanthohumol (IX) by chemical isomerization with KOH, followed by enzymatic demethylation of IX into 8-PN by Eubacterium limosum. Cellular transport of hop compounds may occur via diffusion or via specific transporters (A). Conversion of IX to 8-PN is suggested to occur via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway in absence (B) or presence (C) of carbohydrates such as glucose. The major enzymes involved in O-demethylation of IX are methyltransferase I (MT I), corrinoid protein (CFeSP) with cobalt in the respective oxidation states Co (x), methyltransferase II (MT II), activating enzyme (AE), Coenzyme A (CoA), carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS). Small adaptations were made from the schemes provided by Drake (1994), Sakamoto (2003), Studenik (2012), Jeong (2015). The green, red and blue parts in the figure may be important factors in the study of solubility of IX, toxicity of spent hops residuals and induction of conversion enzymes

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