Fig. 2

Growth profile of engineered S. cerevisiae harboring different XR–XDH variants in S. cerevisiae. Engineered strains were pre-cultured in 5-mL aliquots in yeast selective medium (2% glucose) overnight and used to inoculate 10 mL yeast selective medium (2% xylose) to achieve an initial optical density of 0.05 at 600 nm (OD₆₀₀). The cultures were grown at 30 °C and 250 rpm in an orbital shaking incubator. Samples were taken at 24, 48 and 72 h time points for OD₆₀₀ measurement. Values are the mean of three biological replicates ± standard deviation (n = 3). Ct, Candida tropicalis; Cs, Candida shehatae; Ss, Scheffersomyces stipitis; Sp, Spathaspora passalidarum; Sp1, Spathaspora passalidarum XYL1.1; Sp2, Spathaspora passalidarum XYL1.2