Effects of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the composition of the essential oil, plant growth, and lipoxygenase activity of Piper aduncum L.

de Oliveira, Joyce Solange F.; Xavier, Luciana P.; Lins, Alba; Andrade, Eloisa Helena A.; Maia, José Guilherme S.; de Mello, Andréa H.; Setzer, William N.; Ramos, Alessandra R.; da Silva, Joyce Kelly R.

doi:10.1186/s13568-019-0756-y

AMB Express

Table 2 Comparison of volatile components produced in inoculated and non-inoculated leaves of P. aduncum (Mean standard deviation)

From: Effects of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the composition of the essential oil, plant growth, and lipoxygenase activity of Piper aduncum L.

Compound	RI^calc	RI^lit	30 dpi^a		60 dpi^a		90 dpi^a
Compound	RI^calc	RI^lit	Control	AMF	Control	AMF	Control	AMF
α-Thujene	931	924				0.33 ± 0.47	0.48 ± 0.67	0.63 ± 0.35
β-Pinene	976	974				0.21 ± 0.30	0.15 ± 0.21	0.22 ± 0.23
Sabinene	977	969				0.24 ± 0.34	0.79 ± 0.53	0.84 ± 0.03
α-Phellandrene	996	1002					0.14 ± 0.20	0.18 ± 0.01
δ-2-Carene	1006	1001						0.08 ± 0.01
δ-3-Carene	1015	1008					0.06 ± 0.08
Limonene	1028	1024				0.32 ± 0.33	0.21 ± 0.29	0.33 ± 0.29
(Z)-β-Ocimene	1032	1032		0.02 ± 0.00		1.10 ± 0.21	2.07 ± 0.33	2.59 ± 0.02
(E)-β-Ocimene	1043	1044		0.12 ± 0.00		2.84 ± 0.01	6.58 ± 2.03	6.76 ± 0.41
γ-Terpinene	1046	1054				0.27 ± 0.38	0.21 ± 0.05	0.41 ± 0.21
Terpinolene	1084	1086						0.34 ± 0.00
allo-Ocimene	1126	1128				0.62 ± 0.03		1.64 ± 0.16
Terpinen-4-ol	1179	1174		0.11 ± 0.24		0.36 ± 0.30	0.32 ± 0.24	0.56 ± 0.27
Piperitone	1246	1249	0.04 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.92	0.16 ± 0.23	1.40 ± 1.00	1.12 ± 0.75	1.38 ± 1.23
α-Terpinyl formate	1252	1306						0.41 ± 0.07
Safrole	1282	1285	0.01 ± 0.01		0.04 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.27	0.04 ± 0.06
δ-Elemene	1324	1335	0.08 ± 0.06	0.28 ± 0.28	0.54 ± 0.07	1.66 ± 0.08	2.33 ± 0.49	2.38 ± 1.07
α-Cubebene	1344	1345				0.05 ± 0.01		0.04 ± 0.04
α-Ylangene	1366	1373		0.04 ± 0.05	0.05 ± 0.06	0.59 ± 0.13	0.38 ± 0.06	0.54 ± 0.17
α-Copaene	1368	1374		0.25 ± 0.28	0.17 ± 0.19	1.13 ± 0.27	0.40 ± 0.57	0.99 ± 0.01
β-Elemene	1382	1389	0.14 ± 0.08	0.35 ± 0.16	0.73 ± 0.01	1.92 ± 0.36	1.71 ± 0.04	2.06 ± 0.59
n-Tetradecane	1399	1400				0.05 ± 0.01		0.02 ± 0.01
β-Caryophyllene	1412	1417	0.27 ± 0.05	2.62 ± 1.03	2.16 ± 0.95	5.58 ± 0.76	5.00 ± 0.18	4.84 ± 0.54
γ-Elemene	1422	1434	0.23 ± 0.16	0.50 ± 0.24	0.45 ± 0.63	2.18 ± 0.58	2.07 ± 0.08	2.23 ± 0.64
β-Copaene	1430	1430			0.42 ± 0.59	0.05 ± 0.01		0.03 ± 0.04
Aromadendrene	1435	1439				0.13 ± 0.08	0.05 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.03
6,9-Guaiadiene	1438	1442				0.11 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.05
Isogermacrene D	1441	1445		0.01 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.00	0.35 ± 0.06	0.29 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.13
α-Humulene	1452	1452	0.05 ± 0.07	0.62 ± 0.47	0.72 ± 0.31	2.38 ± 0.11	1.50 ± 0.18	1.73 ± 0.24
allo-Aromadendrene	1456	1458		0.01 ± 0.03		0.29 ± 0.11	0.19 ± 0.07	0.24 ± 0.01
Dauca-5,8-diene	1469	1471		0.02 ± 0.04		0.07 ± 0.01		0.06 ± 0.04
γ-Muurolene	1472	1478				0.26 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.12
Germacrene D	1474	1484	1.28 ± 0.78	2.78 ± 0.94	3.19 ± 0.08	5.49 ± 1.32	6.50 ± 0.45	3.84 ± 0.73
β-Selinene	1485	1489		0.02 ± 0.04		1.33 ± 1.34	0.07 ± 0.10	0.20 ± 0.06
α-Selinene	1485	1498			0.02 ± 0.02
Viridiflorene	1488	1496				0.17 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.09	0.19 ± 0.16
Bicyclogermacrene	1492	1500	0.23 ± 0.18	0.36 ± 0.40	0.70 ± 0.04	2.15 ± 0.34	2.56 ± 0.59	2.74 ± 0.69
α-Muurolene	1495	1500		0.06 ± 0.08	0.14 ± 0.00	0.59 ± 0.11	0.24 ± 0.33	0.61 ± 0.21
n-Pentadecane	1496	1500	0.78 ± 0.29	2.28 ± 0.46	1.66 ± 1.07	3.77 ± 0.95	2.48 ± 0.23
(E,E)-α-Farnesene	1502	1505		0.05 ± 0.11	0.07 ± 0.04	0.50 ± 0.18	0.17 ± 0.07	0.19 ± 0.01
γ-Cadinene	1509	1513	0.01 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.04	0.06 ± 0.04	0.32 ± 0.06	0.16 ± 0.02	0.54 ± 0.08
δ-Cadinene	1514	1522	0.07 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.21	0.19 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 0.05	0.53 ± 0.14	0.57 ± 0.42
Myristicin	1517	1517	1.53 ± 0.41	0.61 ± 0.60	2.71 ± 1.11	4.70 ± 0.11	3.26 ± 0.88	2.41 ± 2.32
7-epi-α-Selinene	1526	1520						0.01 ± 0.01
trans-Cadina-1.4-diene	1529	1533				0.11 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.00	0.05 ± 0.04
α-Cadinene	1533	1537				0.06 ± 0.01		0.06 ± 0.02
α-Calacorene	1538	1544		0.01 ± 0.03		0.22 ± 0.13	0.05 ± 0.06	0.11 ± 0.06
Elemol	1542	1548						0.07 ± 0.14
Germacrene B	1554	1559				0.07 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.08
(E)-Nerolidol	1559	1561			0.08 ± 0.11	0.41 ± 0.10	0.17 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.08
Palustrol	1566	1567				0.04 ± 0.05	0.02 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.04
Spathulenol	1573	1577			0.12 ± 0.16	0.40 ± 0.57		0.23 ± 0.00
Caryophyllene oxide	1578	1582	0.065 ± 0.09	0.05 ± 0.10	0.12 ± 0.06	0.79 ± 0.48	0.27 ± 0.19	0.30 ± 0.42
Globulol	1582	1590				0.09 ± 0.05		0.11 ± 0.04
Viridiflorol	1591	1592				0.23 ± 0.12	0.50 ± 0.59	0.42 ± 0.46
Humulene epoxide II	1606	1608	0.04 ± 0.06	0.04 ± 0.09	0.01 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.11	0.03 ± 0.04	0.20 ± 0.21
1,10-di-epi-Cubenol	1609	1618						0.04 ± 0.03
Dillapiole	1623	1620	93.74 ± 0.01	86.11 ± 9.45	83.57 ± 3.39	44.73 ± 1.67	48.66 ± 2.11	39.36 ± 6.58
epi-α-Muurolol	1644	1640			0.02 ± 0.02		0.16 ± 0.11	0.58 ± 0.30
α-Muurolol	1646	1644				0.25 ± 0.35	0.02 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.05
α-Cadinol	1654	1652			0.09 ± 0.13		0.36 ± 0.08	0.44 ± 0.52
Apiole	1669	1677	0.42 ± 0.26	0.11 ± 0.06	1.24 ± 0.28	2.01 ± 2.84	2.54 ± 0.92	1.83 ± 1.43
n-Tetradecanol	1676	1671		1.54 ± 3.23	0.02 ± 0.02	0.01 ± 0.13	0.10 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01
Monoterpene hydrocarbons				0.14 ± 0.00		5.93 ± 2.07	10.69 ± 4.39	14.02 ± 1.72
Oxygenated monoterpenes			0.04 ± 0.05	0.54 ± 1.16	0.16 ± 0.23	1.76 ± 1.30	1.44 ± 0.99	2.35 ± 1.57
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons			3.14 ± 1.71	10.59 ± 4.29	11.34 ± 4.12	32.49 ± 7.20*	27.17 ± 3.88	25.22 ± 6.38
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes			0.11 ± 0.15	0.09 ± 0.19	0.44 ± 0.49	2.29 ± 1.83	1.53 ± 1.08	2.86 ± 2.29
Phenylpropanoids			95.86 ± 0.92	86.83 ± 10.11	87.94 ± 4.85	52.58 ± 5.02*	55.16 ± 4.03	44.26 ± 10.57
Others				1.54 ± 3.23	0.02 ± 0.02	0.01 ± 0.13	0.10 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01
Total			99.15 ± 2.83	99.73 ± 18.98	99.90 ± 9.71	95.06 ± 17.55	96.09 ± 14.38	88.83 ± 22.54

dpi: Days post inoculation; Control: P. aduncum non-inoculated with AMF; AMF: P. aduncum inoculated with AMF; RI cal: Retention index calculated; RI lit: Retention Index of Library
* Statistical difference according to Bonferroni test (p < 0.05)
^aMean ± standard deviation (n = 3)

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