Fig. 4
Eukaryotic pathways for d-galacturonate and d-glucuronate catabolism. a Fungal pathway for d-galacturonate catabolism: (1) d-galacturonate reductase EC 1.1.1.365 (2) l-galactonate dehydratase EC 4.2.1.146 (3) 2-keto-3-deoxy-galactonate aldolase EC 4.1.2.54 (4) l-glyceraldehyde reductase EC 1.1.1.372. b Animal pathway for d-glucuronate catabolism: (5) d-glucuronate reductase EC 1.1.1.19 (6) l-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.45 (7) 3-dehydro-l-gulonate decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.34 (8) l-xylulose reductase EC 1.1.1.10 (9) Xylitol dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.21 (10) xylulokinase EC 2.7.1.17. c Fungal pathway for d-glucuronate catabolism: (11) d-glucuronate reductase EC 1.1.1.19 (12) hypothetical reaction (13) 2-keto-l-gulonate reductase (14) l-idonate-5-dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.264, EC 1.1.1.366 (15) 5-keto-gluconate reductase EC 1.1.1.69 (16) gluconokinase EC 2.7.1.12