Metagenome sequencing to analyze the impacts of thiamine supplementation on ruminal fungi in dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets

AMB Express

Table 1 Effects of high-concentrate diet feeding and thiamine supplementation on average dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal pH, ruminal thiamine content and ruminal VFAs content

Item	Experimental treatments			SEM	P-value
Item	CON	HC	HCT	SEM	P-value
Average daily DMI (kg/day)	21.68^a	19.07^c	20.78^b	0.278	0.014
Average daily milk production (kg/day)	27.28^a	22.12^c	23.28^b	1.894	0.001
Ruminal pH	6.45^a	5.58^c	6.12^b	0.194	0.016
Ruminal Thiamine (µg/L)	16.16^a	9.51^c	13.53^b	1.933	< 0.001
Acetate (mmol/L)	43.237^a	42.619^b	44.076^a	1.273	0.038
Propionate (mmol/L)	12.899^b	13.849^a	11.846^c	0.632	0.027
Butyrate (mmol/L)	10.770	10.354	10.819	0.137	0.356
Isovalerate (mmol/L)	1.403^b	1.670^a	1.366^b	0.059	0.042
Valerate (mmol/L)	1.212	1.491	1.332	0.059	0.143
Isobutyrate (mmol/L)	0.802	1.001	1.047	0.083	0.504
TVFA (mmol/L)	70.323	70.983	70.487	1.836	0.156

SEM, standard error of the mean; CON, control diet; HC, high-concentrate diet; HCT, high-concentrate diet supplemented with thiamine, TVFA, total volatile fatty acid
^a,b,cMeans within a row with different letters differ significantly (P < 0.05)