| |
Biomass extracted with 50% (v/v) ethanol
|
Biomass extracted with 60% (v/v) ethanol
|
|---|
|
Time
|
60 min, 182 °C
|
103 min, 182 °C
|
60 min, 182 °C
|
|---|
|
Particle size
|
1 mm
|
4 mm
|
1 mm
|
4 mm
|
1 mm
|
4 mm
|
|---|
|
H2SO4 (w/v)
|
0%
|
1%
|
0%
|
1%
|
0%
|
1%
|
0%
|
1%
|
0%
|
1%
|
0%
|
1%
|
|---|
|
Birch
|
|
Cellulose
|
62.2
|
59.6
|
61.4
|
57.6
|
63.7
|
57.8
|
61.4
|
62.4
|
59.0
|
60.7
|
62.1
|
63.8
|
|
Hemicellulose
|
3.0
|
0.5
|
4.6
|
0.3
|
2.6
|
0.4
|
2.7
|
0.2
|
3.3
|
1.1
|
4.3
|
1.1
|
|
Lignin
|
16.0
|
24.1
|
14.6
|
21.8
|
17.5
|
25.9
|
15.8
|
23.7
|
16.8
|
15.7
|
13.8
|
16.0
|
|
Total (wt%)
|
81.2
|
84.1
|
80.6
|
79.8
|
83.8
|
84.2
|
79.9
|
86.3
|
79.0
|
77.5
|
80.2
|
80.9
|
|
Spruce
|
|
Cellulose
|
52.5
|
56.1
|
53.8
|
58.0
|
54.5
|
55.9
|
56.1
|
55.2
|
50.3
|
69.1
|
49.1
|
67.3
|
|
Hemicellulose
|
5.0
|
2.0
|
6.4
|
2.4
|
5.6
|
3.5
|
7.3
|
2.8
|
13.2
|
1.2
|
14.5
|
2.8
|
|
Lignin
|
29.9
|
31.7
|
26.3
|
29.8
|
28.4
|
37.8
|
25.8
|
40.9
|
23.7
|
25.0
|
26.0
|
24.2
|
|
Total (wt%)
|
87.4
|
89.8
|
86.5
|
90.1
|
88.5
|
97.2
|
89.2
|
98.9
|
87.2
|
95.3
|
89.6
|
94.3
|
- Composition of untreated birch (by wt%): 34.7% cellulose, 31.2% hemicellulose, and 18.7% lignin; composition of untreated spruce: 37.6% cellulose, 27.4% hemicellulose, and 32.6% lignin; composition of steam exploded birch: 57.2% cellulose, 12.1% hemicellulose, and 27.1% lignin (Matsakas et al. 2018); composition of steam exploded spruce: 38.2% cellulose, 53.1% lignin
