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Table 1 Reaction equations for the three AOA ammonia oxidation pathways

From: Genome-scale metabolic model analysis indicates low energy production efficiency in marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea

Equation ID Catalyst Equation Pathway 1a Pathway 2b Pathway 3c
Trans_NH4 Ammonium transporter NH4+ → NH3 + H +out Yes Yes Yes
AMO Ammonia monooxygenase NH3 + O2 + QH2 → NH2OH + H2O + Q Yes   Yes
AMO-NO Ammonia monooxygenase NH3 + O2 + 2 NO + H2O → NH2OH + 2 HNO2   Yes  
HAO Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase NH2OH + H2O + 4 PCYm → HNO2 + 4 PCYme + 4 H +out Yes Yes  
CuP460 CuP460 NH2OH + 2 H2O + 5 PCYm + NO → 2 HNO2 + 5 PCYme + 5 H +out    Yes
QH2-Synt Quinone reductase(QRED) 2 PCYme + Q + 2 H +out → QH2 + 2 PCYm Yes Yes Yes
NIR Nitrite reductase QH2 + H +in  + 2 PCY → Q + 3 H +out  + 2 PCYe Yes Yes Yes
N2O-spon Abiotic reaction NO + NH2OH → N2O + H2O + H +out Yes Yes Yes
Cytbc1 Cytochrome bc1; COMPLEX III QH2 + H +in  + 2 PCY → Q + 3 H +out  + 2 PCYe Yes Yes Yes
Cytaa3 Cytochrome aa3; COMPLEX IV 2 PCYe + 0.5 O2 + 4 H +in → 2 H +out  + H2O + 2 PCY Yes Yes Yes
ATP-Synt ATP synthase 4 H +out  + ADP + Pi → 3 H +in  + ATP + H2O Yes Yes Yes
NADH-Synt NADH reductase; COMPLEX I QH2 + NAD + H +out → NADH + 3 H +in  + Q Yes Yes Yes
  1. aWalker et al. (2010), b Schleper and Nicol (2010), c (Kozlowski et al. 2016)
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