Table 1 Complete conversion of all typical PPT ginsenosides to APPT by DT-bgl combined with PF-bgl
Microorganism | Enzyme (mg ml−1) | Substrate (mg ml−1) | Pathway | Molar conversion (%) | Productivity (mg l−1 h−1) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aspergillus niger | β-Glucosidase | Rf (1) | Rf → Rh1 → APPT | 90.4 | NC | Liu et al. (2010) |
Gordonia terrae | β-Glucosidase (20) | Rg1 (4) | Rg1 → Rh1 → APPT | 65.8 | 224 | Shin et al. (2015b) |
Penicillium aculeatum | β-Glucosidases (5.7) | Rf (1) | Rf → Rh1 → APPT | 90.0 | 35.8 | Lee et al. (2013) |
Dictyoglomus turgidum | β-Glycosidase (1.3) | R1 (1) | R1 → R2 → Rh1 → APPT | 75.6 | 15.0 | Lee et al. (2014) |
Rg1 → Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 92.3 | ||||
Rf → Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 92.3 | ||||
Dictyoglomus turgidum and Pyrococcus furiosus | β-Glycosidase (4) and β-Glycosidase (0.005) | R1 (1) | R1 → R2 and Rg1 → Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 126 | This study |
R2 (1) | R2 → Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 303 | |||
Re (1) | Re → Rg1 and Rg2 → Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 167 | |||
Rg1 (4,1) | Rg1 → Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 297, 148 | |||
Rg2 (1) | Rg2 → Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 202 | |||
Rh1 (1) | Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 373 | |||
Rf (1) | Rf → Rh1 → APPT | 100 | 297 | |||
F1 (1) | F1 → APPT | 100 | 373 | |||
F3 (1) | F3 → F1 → APPT | 100 | 155 | |||
F5 (1) | F5 → F1 → APPT | 100 | 103 |