Synergistic production of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol from protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides by β-glycosidases from Dictyoglomus turgidum and Caldicellulosiruptor bescii

AMB Express

Table 2 APPD production from PPD-type ginsenosides and ginseng root extract by microbial enzymes

Microorganism	Enzyme	Substrate (mM)	APPD (mM)	Molar conversion (%)	Volumetric productivity (µM h⁻¹)	Specific productivity (µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹)	References
Dictyoglomus turgidum	β-Glycosidase	Rb₁ (0.5)	0.2	40	33	36.4^a	Lee et al. (2012)
Pyrococcus furiosus	β-Glycosidase	Rd (4.0)	4.0	100	800	8.9^a	Yoo et al. (2011)
Aspergillus niger	Crude enzyme	Rg₃ (0.6)	0.6	100	20	> 0.1	Liu et al. (2010)
Pyrococcus furiosus	β-Glycosidase	Ginseng root extract (4.0)	4.0	100	667	3.7^a	Yoo et al. (2011)
Pyrococcus furiosus	β-Glycosidase	Ginseng root extract (2.8)	1.8	61	49	6.1	This study
Dictyoglomus turgidum	β-Glycosidase	Ginseng root extract (2.8)	1.9	71	667	83	This study
Dictyoglomus turgidum and Caldicellulosiruptor bescii	β-Glycosidase and β-glycosidase	Ginseng root extract (2.8)	2.8	100	1880	235	This study

The numbers in parentheses next to the substrates represent the substrate concentration
^aRepresents the calculated values based on the data in the corresponding reference