Table 5 Effect of feeding rate on growth of P. acidilactici in constant fed-batch fermentation using 2 L stirred tank bioreactor

Maximum viable cell concentration (cfu/mL)

1.9 × 10¹² ± 0.21^b

1.1 × 10¹³ ± 0.14^a

1.6 × 10¹² ± 0.12^c

Time to reach maximum viable cell concentration (h)

12^b

14^a

14^a

Viable cell yield (cfu/g_Glucose)

2.1 × 10¹⁴ ± 0.16^b

1.2 × 10¹⁵ ± 0.11^a

1.8 × 10¹⁴ ± 0.13^c

Viable cell productivity (cfu/mL h)

1.1 × 10¹⁰ ± 0.18^c

7.9 × 10¹¹ ± 0.12^a

1.1 × 10¹¹ ± 0.17^b

Maximum lactic acid concentration (g/L)

9.81 ± 0.12^a

8.12 ± 0.11^c

9.25 ± 0.14^b

Lactic acid yield (g/g_Glucose)

1.09 ± 0.08^a

0.89 ± 0.06^b

1.05 ± 0.06^a

Lactic acid productivity (g/L h)

0.26 ± 0.11^b

0.28 ± 0.08^b

0.36 ± 0.07^a