Fig. 2From: Development of a circulation direct sampling and monitoring system for O2 and CO2 concentrations in the gas–liquid phases of shake-flask systems during microbial cell cultureReal-time CO2 and O2 concentrations in normal and specialised shake-flask culture of E. coli IFO3301. a In the headspace; b in the culture medium. Symbols: circles oxygen; triangles carbon dioxide; closed normal shake-flask culture; open specialised shake-flask culture (with removal of CO2 in the headspace). Shake-flask culture conditions were 100 mL of LB medium at 30 °C, 200 rpm shaking frequency and 70 mm shaking diameter, 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask capped with a culture plug and equipped with CDMSSBack to article page