Fig. 3

Biotransformation of VA to PCA by C. glutamicum expressing vanillate O-demethylase (Van). a C. glutamicum strain F (open symbols) as a control and b strain FVan (closed symbols) were cultured in BHI medium at 30 °C for 24 h, and 0.5 mL of each culture was transferred to 25 mL of AR medium containing 2.5 mM VA. The bioconversion was performed at 30 °C for 48 h with agitation at 180 rpm. Extracellular VA (triangles) and PCA (circles) were analyzed every 24 h. OD₆₀₀ (diamonds) was monitored simultaneously. Data represent the mean and standard error of three independent experiments