Fig. 1

Characteristics of β-casein 197. a β-Casein 197 is a 17-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide that corresponds to amino acids 197–213 of β-casein. b The biochemical information of β-casein 197. c The helical wheel plot of β-casein 197. The output presents the hydrophilic residues as circles, hydrophobic residues as diamonds, potentially negatively charged residues as triangles, and potentially positively charged residues as pentagons. The most hydrophobic residue is green, and the amount of green decreases proportionally to the hydrophobicity, with zero hydrophobicity coded as yellow. Hydrophilic residues are coded red with pure red being the most hydrophilic residue, and the amount of red decreasing proportionally to the hydrophilicity