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Table 5 Shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), N content (NC), total N accumulated in the shoots (TNS), chlorophyll content (CC), root volume (RV), number of tillers (NT), and MPN (most probable number) of diazotrophic bacteria on leaves, roots and rhizosphere soil in a greenhouse experiment with wheat cultivar the BRS Gaivota in response to different doses of inoculant, levels of N fertilization, and methods of inoculation

From: Accessing inoculation methods of maize and wheat with Azospirillum brasilense

Treatment

SDW (g pl−1)

RDW (g pl−1)

NC (mg g−1)

TNS (mg pl−1)

CC (µg cm−2)

Biometric measurements

Microbiological parameters

RV (mL pl−1)

NT (n° pl−1)

Leaf (n° cells g−1)

Root (n° cells g−1)

Rhizosphere soil (n° cells g−1)

T1: C + 75 %Na

1.64ns

1.71 bc

22.40 d

36.72 b

17.90 b

9.0ns

4.60 c

1.26 × 105 cd

2.64 × 108 abcd

3.30 × 106 bcd

T2: C + 100 %N

1.76

1.66 bc

27.42 abc

48.16 ab

17.89 b

9.1

4.90 bc

4.07 × 104 d

7.92 × 108 abcd

5.33 × 106 d

T3: SI + 1 doseb + 75 %N

1.78

1.98 abc

26.79 abcd

47.98 ab

19.08 ab

8.1

5.00 bc

8.94 × 105 cd

5.28 × 108 abcd

2.24 × 106 bcd

T4: SI +1 dose +100 %N

1.80

2.23 abc

24.41 abcd

46.42 ab

19.67 ab

11.1

6.20 ab

6.95 × 105 bcd

9.00 × 107 bcd

2.19 × 106 cd

T5: SI + 2.5 doses + 75 %N

1.62

1.96 abc

27.25 abc

44.06 ab

19.34 ab

7.4

5.00 bc

3.98 × 105 cd

4.97 × 108 abcd

1.00 × 107 abcd

T6: SI + 2.5 doses + 100 %N

1.83

2.35 ab

25.65 abcd

47.07 ab

19.15 ab

9.6

5.50 abc

3.69 × 106 abc

6.26 × 107 cd

4.14 × 106 abcd

T7: IPF + 1 dose + 75 %N

1.79

2.22 abc

24.54 abcd

44.06 ab

21.34 a

9.2

6.20 ab

5.04 × 106 abc*

5.42 × 108 abcd

1.38 × 107 abcd

T8: IPF + 1 dose + 100 %N

1.68

1.98 abc

24.91 abcd

41.90 ab

21.07 ab

9.3

5.20 abc

1.07 × 106 abcd

1.60 × 108 d

4.46 × 106 abcd

T9: IPF + 2.5 doses + 75 %N

1.56

1.81 bc

25.70 abcd

40.15 ab

19.58 ab

7.8

4.40 c

2.09 × 106 abcd

1.03 × 109 ab

3.32 × 107 abc

T10: IPF + 2.5 doses + 100 %N

1.64

1.93 abc

27.05 abc

44.42 ab

22.36 a*

9.2

5.00 bc

1.14 × 106 abcd

4.84 × 108 abcd

3.29 × 107 a*

T11: ILS + 1 dose + 75 %N

1.65

2.33 ab

23.60 bcd

38.60 b

19.63 ab

9.8

5.90 abc

2.40 × 107 a*

4.17 × 108 abcd

1.12 × 108 ab

T12: ILS + 1 dose + 100 %N

1.66

2.61 a*

24.42 abcd

40.38 ab

20. 49 ab

12.1

6.60 a

2.74 × 106 abc

8.94 × 107 bcd

2.98 × 106 cd

T13: ILS + 2.5 doses + 75 %N

1.50

1.57 c

26.23 abcd

38.46 b

21.99 a*

9.6

4.60 c

7.06 × 105 abcd

5.17 × 108 abcd

3.95 × 106 bcd

T14: ILS + 2.5 doses + 100 %N

1.84

2.15 abc

28.48 a

51.64 a

20.35 ab

8.0

5.70 abc

3.82 × 107 a*

6.82 × 107 bcd

6.20 × 106 abcd

T15: ISS + 1 dose + 75 %N

1.62

1.76 bc

23.17 cd

37.29 b

21.26 a

8.4

5.00 bc

9.72 × 106 ab*

9.92 × 108 abc

5.36 × 106 bcd

T16: ISS + 1 dose + 100 %N

1.72

1.55 c

27.87 ab

47.11 ab

16.65 ab

6.4

5.90 abc

1.04 × 106 abc

2.40 × 109 a*

2.42 × 106 cd

T17: ISS + 2.5 doses + 75 % N

1.54

1.94 abc

27.25 abc

41.46 ab

19.56 ab

8.4

5.00 bc

1.45 × 106 abc

8.23 × 108 abcd

2.13 × 106 cd

T18: ISS + 2.5 doses + 100 % N

1.75

2.09 abc

28.88 a

43.82 ab

20.01 ab

10.3

6.30 ab

1.90 × 106 abc

1.21 × 109 abcd

1.77 × 106 d

p value

0.5401

0.0497

0.0217

0.0043

0.0015

0.2877

0.0125

<0.0001

0.0002

0.0134

CV (%)

21.31

24.74

11.44

21.06

13.04

30.25

18.74

14.32

7.5

8.09

  1. Parameters determined at 54 days after seedling emergence
  2. Means (five replicates) followed by the same letter on the same column are not significantly different from one another according to Duncan’s test (p ≤ 0.05), whereas means followed by * are significantly different from treatment 2 (T2) according to Dunnet’s test (p ≤ 0.05). ns not significant
  3. C non-inoculated control, SI standard seed inoculation, IPF inoculation at planting in the furrow, ILS inoculation by leaf spray at the tiller stage 3, ISS inoculation by soil spray at the at the tiller stage 3
  4. aN: 75 % (60 kg ha−1) and 100 % (80 kg ha−1), split in equal amounts every 8 days
  5. bInoculant dose:1× (1.74 × 104 cells seed−1 or 1.74 × 104 cells plant−1)