Fig. 1

Anaerobic itaconate pathway in metabolically engineered E. coli. The green bold arrows indicate the introduced pathway consisting of genes encoding citrate synthase (gltA) and aconitase (acnA) from C. glutamicum and cis-aconitate decarboxylase (cadA) from A. terreus. The red lines indicate that phosphate acetyltransferase (pta) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) were deleted