Fe(III) mineral reduction followed by partial dissolution and reactive oxygen species generation during 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene transformation by the aerobic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

AMB Express

Table 1 Possible reactions that can take place during TNT transformation in the presence of Y. lipolytica AN-L15 and Fe(III) minerals

Biological reactions
TNT	→	3-H⁻-TNT isomers; 3,5-2H⁻-TNT; 3,5-2H⁻-TNT · H⁺ isomers; 1-H⁻-TNT
TNT	→	2-HADNT; 4-HADNT; 2-ADNT; 4-ADNT
3-H⁻-TNT	→	2,4-DNT + NO₂ ⁻
3,5-2H⁻-TNT · H⁺	→	NO₂ ⁻ + ?
1-H⁻-TNT	→	NO₂ ⁻ + ?
NO₂ ⁻	→	NO₃ ⁻
Abiotic reactions
3-H⁻-TNT	⇄	3-H⁻-TNT isomers	HO₂ ^· + HO₂ ^·	→	O₂ + H₂O₂
3-H⁻-TNT	⇄	3,5-2H⁻-TNT	HO₂ ^· + O₂ ^·–	→	O₂ + HOO⁻
3,5-2H⁻-TNT	→	3,5-2H⁻-TNT · H⁺ isomers	O₂ ^·– + O₂ ^·– + 2H⁺	→	O₂ + H₂O₂
3-H⁻-TNT	→	TNT	O₂ ^·– + NOM	→	H₂O₂ + ?
NO₂ ⁻ + H⁺	⇆	HNO₂	O₂ ^·– + H₂O₂	→	HO^. + OH⁻ + O₂
3HNO₂	→	HNO₃ + 2NO + H₂O	Fe(III) + O₂ ^·–	→	Fe(II) + O₂
2HNO₂	→	NO₂ + NO + H₂O	Fe(III) + H₂O₂	→	Fe(II) + HO₂ ^· + H⁺
2NO + O₂	→	2NO₂	Fe(II) + HO₂ ^· + H⁺	→	Fe(III) + H₂O₂
NO₂ + NOM^*	→	?	Fe(II) + O₂ ^·– + 2H⁺	→	Fe(III) + H₂O₂
O₂ ^·– + NO	→	ONOO⁻	Fe(II) + H₂O₂	→	Fe(III) + HO^. + OH⁻
ONOO⁻ + H⁺	=	ONOOH	Fe(II) + O₂	→	Fe(III) + O₂ ^·–
ONOOH	⇆	NO₃ ⁻ + H⁺	2Fe(II) + NO₂ + 2H⁺	→	2Fe(III) + NO + H₂O
ONOO⁻ + CO₂	→	NO₂ + CO₃ ^·–	Fe(II) + NO + H⁺	→	Fe(III) + HNO
O₂ ^·– + H⁺	⇆	HO₂ ^·	2HNO	→	N₂O + H₂O