|
Phenolic compounds
|
Amount (mg/L)
|
|---|
|
Gallic acid
|
7.1–10.2
|
|
Catechine
|
61–71.9
|
|
Vanillic acid
|
3.93–71.2
|
|
Syringic acid
|
42.3–42.87
|
|
Ferulic acid
|
42.91–45.08
|
|
Picein [3-(β-d-glucosyloxy)-hydroxy-acetophenone]
|
0.2–1.4
|
|
Pungenin[3-(β-d-glucosyloxy)-4-hydroxy-acetophenone]
|
0.2
|
|
Taxifoloin
|
2–33
|
|
Coniferyl aldehyde
|
35–301
|
|
Vanillic acid
|
0.01–35
|
|
Vanillin
|
36
|
|
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
|
39–81
|
|
Catechol
|
2
|
|
Acetoguaiacone
|
146
|
|
Trans cinnamic acid
|
10
|
|
Syringaldehyde
|
107
|
- (Almeida et al. [2007b], Deflorio et al. [2011], Delvas et al. [2011], Evensen et al. [2000], Hutzler et al. [1998], Miyafuji et al. [2003]).
- Also, Pungenol (3′,4′-hydroxy-acetophenone), Piceol (4′-hydroxyacetophenone), Trans-resveratrol, P-Coumaric acid, Coumarins, Stilbenes, Styryl pyrones, Dihydroconiferyl alcohol, Hydroquinone, Homovanillic acid have all been found in various concentrations in spruce hydrolysates (Almeida et al. [2007b], Deflorio et al. [2011], Delvas et al. [2011], Evensen et al. [2000], Hutzler et al. [1998], Miyafuji et al. [2003]).
